The latest two research studies have been published!

"Quantification of trace fenuron in waste water samples by matrix matching calibration strategy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after simultaneous derivatization and preconcentration"

This study presents a highly sensitive and accurate analytical strategy for the determination of fenuron in wastewater samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simultaneous derivatization and spray-based fine droplet formation–liquid phase microextraction (SFDF-LPME) method was developed and performed to achieve low detection limits. The parameters of the derivatization and SFDF-LPME method were optimized by univariate approach to improve sensitivity and selectivity. Under the optimum SFDF-LPME-GC-MS conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.15 and 0.49 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the linear range was calculated as 0.51–24.50 mg/kg. Recovery studies were carried out on wastewater samples to determine the accuracy of the developed method and its applicability to real sample matrix. Matrix matching calibration strategy was applied to eliminate/reduce any possible interference effects caused by the complexity of the wastewater matrix and to increase the accuracy of the analytical results. Percent recovery results varied between 85.9 and 120.9% with small percent relative standard deviation values. These results were satisfactory in terms of the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method for wastewater samples.

"A powerful combination of liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and quadruple isotope dilution strategy for the determination of fenuron at trace levels in river water, stream water and fruit juice samples"

An accurate, sensitive, and rapid analysis methodology for the determination of fenuron at ultratrace levels in river water, stream water and fruit juice samples was developed based on quadruple isotope dilution (ID4) and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Fenuron-d6 as isotopically labelled material (ILM) was synthesized in our laboratory to apply the ID4 method. Optimization studies were performed to find experimental conditions for the separation and detection of fenuron at trace levels. Analytical performance parameters such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and linear range were determined by external calibration strategy. LOD and LOQ values for the analyte were found at ppt levels and a wide linear range was obtained in the range of 0.11 – 492.4 µg/kg. Recovery studies were also carried out for water and fruit juice samples to test applicability and accuracy of the developed LC-MS/MS system. ID4 strategy was applied to the selected samples to increase accuracy of the developed method and tolerate high matrix effects for fruit juice samples. According to high percent recoveries and low relative standard deviation values, the developed LC-ID4-MS/MS system was proven as an accurate, precise and sensitive analytical method for the quantification of fenuron at trace levels.